LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed dynamic changes of tissue- and developmental stage- specific metabolites in qingke

Qingke is a primary energy source for highland residents and possesses significant nutritional and health-promoting properties. Despite its potential in the development of functional foods, comprehensive understanding of its metabolic profiles across various tissues and developmental stages remains limited. We used a widely-targeted LC-MS metabolomics approach. We analyzed 20 different qingke tissues, including roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. These tissues were collected throughout the entire life cycle of qingke. A total of 598 known metabolites across 14 categories were identified, providing a rich dataset for further analysis. The results revealed strong tissue-specific accumulation of metabolites in qingke, with higher levels of flavonoid compounds in leaves and lower levels in roots. Notably, proanthocyanidins and catechins were specifically synthesized in reproductive tissues. Hierarchical clustering analysis disclosed distinct metabolic profiles for germinating, vegetative, and reproductive tissues. K-means clustering identified 12 distinct metabolite clusters corresponding to different tissues and developmental stages. We identified differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Subsequently, we analyzed their enrichment in specific metabolic pathways. This analysis highlighted the dynamic metabolic changes during the development of qingke. This study provides a comprehensive metabolic profile of qingke, revealing tissue-specific accumulation patterns. Additionally, it highlights metabolic changes specific to different developmental stages. These findings offer valuable insights for the resource utilization of qingke and the development of qingke-related products. The study provides a scientific basis for classifying qingke plant tissues. It also supports their efficient utilization and the targeted development of qingke products.