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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer
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Affordable 3D-printed prototype integrated with open-source electronic platform for low-cost polyamide noncoated

Camila Scheid1, Sofia Aquino Monteiro1, Carolina Souza Machado2

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|July 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary

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A new 3D-printed device for polyamide noncoated adsorption-based microextraction (PANDA) offers a cost-effective, automated solution for analyzing organic pollutants. This innovation reduces costs and analyst intervention, making advanced sample preparation accessible to more labs.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Automated sample preparation is crucial in analytical chemistry but often limited by high costs of commercial devices.
  • Development of cost-effective, efficient, and independent sample handling instruments is a significant research goal.
  • Existing techniques lack electronically controlled apparatus for specific microextraction methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel, low-cost 3D-printed device for polyamide noncoated adsorption-based microextraction (PANDA).
  • To integrate the device with an open-source electronic platform for enhanced automation.
  • To assess the device's performance for determining multiple organic pollutants in environmental water samples.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
3D-printingAdsorption-based microextractionAutomationEnvironmental pollutantsOpen-source platform

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  • A 3D-printed device was designed and assembled using an open-source electronic platform.
  • Polyamide with 15% carbon fiber was used as the sorbent phase for microextraction.
  • The device was utilized with a 48-deep well plate system for simultaneous extractions, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Optimal conditions involved 120 min extraction with PA + 15% C sorbent and 300 μL methanol:acetonitrile for desorption.
    • The method achieved high throughput with up to 48 simultaneous extractions and automated steps.
    • Validation demonstrated high coefficients of determination (>0.9841), low LODs/LOQs (0.03-3.0 μg L⁻¹ and 0.1-10.0 μg L⁻¹), and acceptable precision and accuracy for environmental water samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel 3D-printed PANDA device, integrated with an open-source platform, provides a viable, automated alternative to existing methods.
    • The device is approximately 10 times cheaper than commercial alternatives, offering a cost-effective solution for laboratories.
    • This electronically controlled PANDA system opens avenues for greater automation in microextraction techniques.