Delineating genotype × environment interaction for horticultural traits in tomato using GGE and AMMI biplot analysis
Jagesh Kumar Tiwari1, Nagendra Rai2, Manish Kumar Singh2
1Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221305, India. jageshtiwari@gmail.com.
Scientific Reports
|July 3, 2025
Summary
This study identified stable tomato hybrids for Indian cultivation using genotype-by-environment interaction analysis. Hybrids VRTH-16-4 and VRTH-16-90 show potential for diverse weather conditions.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Plant Breeding
- Genetics
Background:
- Genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions significantly impact crop performance, necessitating stability analysis for successful crop cultivation.
- Identifying stable tomato hybrids is crucial for consistent yields and quality in diverse Indian agro-climatic conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify stable and high-performing tomato hybrids suitable for cultivation across various Indian environments.
- To analyze genotype-by-environment interactions for key horticultural traits and disease resistance.
Main Methods:
- Utilized GGE and AMMI biplot analyses to investigate G × E interactions across nine environments over three years (2021-2024).
- Evaluated fifteen tomato hybrids and two checks for traits including days to first harvesting, fruit weight, pericarp thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), yield, and tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCD) resistance.
- Employed multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) and other GGE biplot models for comprehensive stability and performance assessment.
Main Results:
- Identified stable hybrids for specific traits: VRTH-16-4 (G2) and VRTH-16-3 (G1) for yield; VRTH-16-70 (G5) and VRTH-19-18 (G11) for early harvesting; VRTH-16-5 (G3) and VRTH-16-8 (G4) for fruit weight and pericarp thickness; VRTH-16-75 (G6) and VRTH-18-26 (G8) for TSS; VRTH-16-5 (G3) and VRTH-16-70 (G5) for ToLCD resistance.
- GGE biplot analysis effectively identified superior hybrids and ideal environments based on stability and trait performance.
- Hybrids VRTH-16-4, VRTH-16-90, and VRTH-18-46 demonstrated broad adaptability for cultivation in both heat and cool weather conditions.
Conclusions:
- Tomato hybrids VRTH-16-4 and VRTH-16-3 are recommended for stable yield performance in Indian conditions.
- Specific hybrids exhibit stability for desirable traits like early maturity, fruit quality, and disease resistance.
- The identified stable hybrids offer significant potential for improving tomato production in India across diverse environmental conditions.
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