Vitamin D status and risk for breast cancer in Kenya

Vitamin D plays a critical role in bone metabolism, calcium regulation, and various cellular processes, including those linked to cancer. The biologically active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], works through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). Polymorphisms in VDR and related genes have been associated with cancer risk, including breast cancer. This case-control study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and breast cancer among Kenyan women.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured in 112 breast cancer patients and 106 controls using electrochemiluminescence.

Results indicated that 81.2% of participants had deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels, with controls showing slightly higher sufficient levels compared to cases. Although previous studies suggested an association between higher vitamin D levels and reduced breast cancer risk, our findings revealed no significant link between vitamin D levels and various demographic factors, including BMI.

The study underscores the need for public awareness about vitamin D supplementation and further research to clarify the role of vitamin D in breast cancer development, particularly in populations with widespread vitamin D deficiency.