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Updated: May 26, 2026

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Dynamically tunable photonic manipulation and sensing in graphene array-driven Bragg gratings.

Xiaoling Chen1,2, Junjie Dong1,2, Dong Zhao1,2

  • 1School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.

Iscience
|July 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel dynamically tunable optical sensor (DFBG-GA) integrates a distributed feedback Bragg grating (DFBG) with a graphene array (GA). This sensor shows high sensitivity and tunable properties for advanced sensing applications.

Keywords:
ChemistryMaterials sciencePhysics

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Optical Sensing
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optical sensors are crucial for real-time monitoring.
  • Dynamic tunability enhances sensor performance and versatility.
  • Graphene offers unique optoelectronic properties for sensor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a dynamically tunable optical sensor (DFBG-GA).
  • To investigate the tunability of resonance peaks via graphene chemical potential, grating periods, and cavity thickness.
  • To evaluate the sensor's sensitivity and figure of merit for practical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations of the DFBG-GA structure.
  • Experimental characterization of the sensor's optical response.
  • Assessment of refractive index sensitivity and figure of merit.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated prominent resonance peaks in the transmission spectrum.
  • Achieved high refractive index sensitivity up to 10,430 nm/RIU with strong linearity (R² > 0.98).
  • Obtained an average figure of merit of 9.5904 μm/eV for graphene chemical potential tuning.

Conclusions:

  • The DFBG-GA sensor exhibits efficient dynamic modulation capabilities.
  • The proposed architecture shows significant potential for biosensing and environmental monitoring.
  • This tunable optical sensor offers a promising platform for advanced detection systems.