Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exogenous CD55 Expression on Membrane-Wrapped Nanoparticles Unexpectedly Increases Spleen Tropism and Immune Cell Uptake <i>In Vivo</i>.

ACS nano medicine·2026

Same author

Loading Density Influences the Tumor Cell Targeting and Signaling Inhibition Capabilities of Antibody Nanoconjugates.

ACS omega·2026

Same author

Influence of the protein corona on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell uptake and macrophage clearance of membrane-wrapped nanoparticles.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Cancer Cell Membrane-Wrapped Nanoparticles for Photothermal Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

ACS applied nano materials·2025

Same author

Standard purification methods are not sufficient to remove micellular lipophilic dye from polymer nanoparticle solution.

RSC pharmaceutics·2025

Same author

Antibody/siRNA Nanocarriers Against Wnt Signaling Suppress Oncogenic and Stem-Like Behavior in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

Membrane-modified lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery.

Chitran Roy Chowdhury¹, Elise C Hoover¹, Emily S Day^1,2,3

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.

Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development

|July 4, 2025

Summary

Cell-derived membrane modifications enhance lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for improved ribonucleic acid (RNA) delivery beyond the liver. These advanced LNPs show promise for broader RNA-based therapeutic applications.

Keywords:

Biomimicry gene regulation nanomedicine nucleic acid therapeutics targeted delivery

More Related Videos

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Published on: February 25, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Using Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Chemically Modified mRNA into Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 10, 2022

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Generation of Cationic Nanoliposomes for the Efficient Delivery of In Vitro Transcribed Messenger RNA

Published on: February 1, 2019

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform

Published on: February 25, 2021

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)-based therapies offer significant potential for treating diverse medical conditions.
Unmodified RNA is unstable and requires carriers like lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for effective delivery.
Current LNPs predominantly target the liver, limiting applications for extrahepatic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the advancements in membrane-modified LNPs for RNA delivery.
To discuss critical design considerations for these novel delivery systems.
To explore the clinical potential of enhanced RNA delivery strategies.

Main Methods:

Modification of LNPs with cell-derived phospholipid membranes.
Evaluation of altered biodistribution and cellular uptake of modified LNPs.
Assessment of gene regulation efficiency and therapeutic outcomes.

Main Results:

Membrane modification alters LNP biodistribution, improving extrahepatic delivery.
Enhanced cellular entry and endosomal escape are observed with modified LNPs.
Improved gene regulation potency and therapeutic efficacy are achieved.

Conclusions:

Membrane-modified LNPs represent a promising strategy for overcoming LNP liver-targeting limitations.
Optimized design of these systems is crucial for successful clinical translation.
Further development could unlock the full therapeutic potential of RNA-based medicines.