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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Structure-Activity Relationships and Drug Design

Drug design is a dynamic field that involves discovering and developing new medications based on specific biological targets. This process heavily relies on structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) to guide the design and optimization of efficient drugs.
SAR studies the intricate relationship between a drug's chemical structure and biological activity. It focuses on understanding how modifications to a drug's structure can influence...

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics

Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Bioinformatics tools for drug repurposing: a tutorial using heart failure as a case study.

Ivo Fonseca¹, Fábio Trindade¹, Mário Santos^2,3,4,5

¹RISE-Health, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Plus

|July 4, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Drug repurposing accelerates heart failure (HF) treatment development. Bioinformatics tools like NeDRex, ShinyGO, SwissTargetPrediction, and STITCH identify potential HF drugs by analyzing sex-biased pathways, aiding personalized medicine.

Keywords:

Bioinformatics NeDRex Personalized treatment STITCH Sex differences SwissTargetPrediction

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Measurement of Heart Contractility in Isolated Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes

Measurement of Heart Contractility in Isolated Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes

Published on: August 9, 2022

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Heart failure (HF) presents significant global health challenges with high mortality.
Sex-specific differences in HF risk factors and phenotypes necessitate personalized treatment strategies.
Drug repurposing offers a cost-effective approach to accelerate the development of novel HF therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the utility of specific bioinformatics tools for identifying potential drug candidates for heart failure treatment.
To demonstrate a practical approach for leveraging existing drugs for new therapeutic applications in HF.
To highlight the importance of sex-personalized medicine in cardiovascular disease treatment.

Main Methods:

Utilizing NeDRex for disease-associated gene identification and drug repurposing.
Employing ShinyGO for functional enrichment analysis.
Predicting small molecule targets with SwissTargetPrediction.
Retrieving chemical-protein interactions using STITCH.

Main Results:

The tutorial demonstrates the application of selected bioinformatics tools to identify potential heart failure treatments.
Illustrative results showcase the process of drug repurposing for HF using computational methods.

Conclusions:

This tutorial provides an accessible introduction to bioinformatics tools for drug repurposing in heart failure.
The demonstrated approach can serve as a model for applying bioinformatics to other diseases.
Results are for demonstration purposes and require further validation.