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Vitamin D supplementation for tuberculosis prevention: A meta-analysis
Sheng Liu1, Tianyu Lin1, Yanyu Pan1
1The Second Department of Infection, 900th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
Biomolecules & Biomedicine
|July 4, 2025
Summary
Vitamin D supplementation does not significantly prevent tuberculosis infection or disease progression. This systematic review found no protective effect, though vitamin D was safe and well-tolerated in participants.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Vitamin D is crucial for immune function, suggesting a potential role in tuberculosis (TB) prevention.
- Existing clinical evidence on vitamin D's efficacy against TB is inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
- To assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on preventing TB infection and progression to active disease.
Main Methods:
- Searched major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science) through January 2025.
- Included RCTs with participants free of active TB at baseline.
- Calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models and evaluated evidence certainty with GRADE.
Main Results:
- Six RCTs (15,677 participants) were analyzed.
- Vitamin D supplementation showed no significant reduction in TB infection risk (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.79-1.14) or progression to active TB (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.56-1.05).
- Evidence certainty was moderate; no significant difference in adverse events was observed.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D supplementation does not appear to significantly reduce the risk of tuberculosis infection or disease.
- Vitamin D supplementation is safe and well-tolerated for TB prevention studies.
- Further research may be needed to clarify vitamin D's role in specific populations or contexts.
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