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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Multifactorial chronic kidney disease.

Jose Manuel Arreola Guerra1,2, Jesus-Israel Martinez-Martinez2

  • 1Instituto para la atención integral de enfermedades renales del estado de Aguascalientes- Department of Research, Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|July 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health issue with varied regional impacts. Understanding its multifactorial causes and injury pathways is key to developing effective global prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
blood pressurechronic renal failurediabetic kidney diseaseglomerulosclerosisinterstitial fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) burden has significantly increased globally, with disparities across regions.
  • Recent clinical trials highlight sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors' protective role in cardiovascular and kidney health.
  • Kidney disease injury pathways are increasingly understood, encompassing immunological, toxic, and genetic factors, underscoring CKD's multifactorial nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the multifactorial nature of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To highlight the importance of understanding primary injury pathways throughout life.
  • To underscore the need for region-specific epidemiological studies to address global CKD burden heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trial data, particularly focusing on SGLT2 inhibitors.
  • Analysis of established knowledge regarding kidney injury pathways (immunological, toxic, genetic).
  • Consideration of developmental factors influencing nephron number and lifelong exposures.

Main Results:

  • SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in reducing cardiovascular mortality and CKD progression via a common protective pathway.
  • CKD pathogenesis involves multiple factors from prenatal development to lifelong exposures and pathologies.
  • Significant regional heterogeneity exists in the CKD burden, necessitating localized research.

Conclusions:

  • CKD is a complex, multifactorial disease influenced by genetics, environment, and lifelong exposures.
  • A comprehensive understanding of diverse injury mechanisms is crucial for mitigating CKD.
  • Tailored, region-specific epidemiological studies are essential for effective global CKD management and prevention.