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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

106
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
17.0K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

65.3K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

6.3K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
6.3K
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

8.6K
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

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Conformation driven conductance modulation in single-stranded RNA (ssRNA).

Arpan De1, Arindam K Das2, M P Anantram1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. arpan99@uw.edu.

Nanoscale Horizons
|July 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conformational fluctuations in single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) impact its charge transport properties. Increasing salt concentration stabilizes ssRNA, offering a strategy to control conductance for molecular electronics applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biophysics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Quantum Electronics

Background:

  • RNA's structural versatility enables complex nanodevices.
  • RNA's potential in molecular electronics is limited by conformational fluctuations.
  • Understanding RNA's dynamic nature is key to harnessing its electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of conformational fluctuations on single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) charge transport.
  • Explore methods to control these fluctuations for tunable RNA-based molecular devices.

Main Methods:

  • Established ssRNA instability benchmark using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analyzed quantum transport across 123 distinct ssRNA conformations.
  • Investigated the effect of salt concentration on ssRNA stability and conductance.

Main Results:

  • Average ssRNA conductance is 1.7 × 10-3 G0 with high variability (SD ≈ 5.2 × 10-3 G0).
  • Conductance is primarily influenced by backbone bending and nucleotide positioning.
  • Increased salt concentration significantly stabilizes ssRNA, reducing conductance fluctuations.

Conclusions:

  • ssRNA conductance can be tuned by controlling its conformation.
  • Switchable conductance between folded and unfolded states offers dual modes.
  • Programmable folding and conductivity of ssRNA can advance molecular electronics.