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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Follow-up hearing screening for at-risk infants.

Fendi Obuekwe¹, Anthony J Tang¹, Zainab A Balogun¹

¹University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology

|July 4, 2025

Summary

Few infants with prolonged NICU stays completed audiology follow-up after passing newborn hearing screening. Sensorineural hearing loss was not detected on rescreen, questioning current screening effectiveness for high-risk infants.

Keywords:

Audiology follow-up Comorbidities Hearing loss Neonatal intensive care unit Newborn hearing screening Risk factors

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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

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Published on: March 24, 2023

Area of Science:

Neonatal care
Audiology
Public health

Background:

Infants with prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stays are at higher risk for hearing loss.
Newborn hearing screening (NBHS) aims to identify hearing impairments early.
Adherence to audiology follow-up is crucial for timely diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the rate of audiology follow-up completion by 9 months in infants with NICU stay >5 days who passed NBHS.
To identify factors associated with audiology follow-up completion.
To ascertain the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) detected on rescreen in this high-risk population.

Main Methods:

Retrospective chart review of infants born between July 2020 and August 2023 at a tertiary children's hospital.
Inclusion criteria: NICU stay >5 days and passed NBHS.
Exclusion criteria: Missed/failed NBHS, transfer, deceased, or <12 months at analysis.

Main Results:

Only 1.8% (13/714) of eligible infants completed audiology follow-up by 9 months.
Female sex, ototoxic exposure, and Trisomy 21 were associated with increased odds of follow-up.
None of the infants who completed follow-up had SNHL detected on rescreen.

Conclusions:

Adherence to recommended audiology follow-up is very low among infants with prolonged NICU stays who passed NBHS.
Current screening strategies may not be sufficiently effective in ensuring follow-up for high-risk infants.
Further research is needed to improve follow-up rates and ensure early detection of SNHL in this population.