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A Pilot Study Using Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Efficiency, Accuracy, and Objectivity in Grading Pharmacy

Mariette Sourial1, Jeremy C Hagler2

  • 1Palm Beach Atlantic University, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.

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|July 4, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency in grading pharmacy Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) checklists, outperforming faculty evaluations. This AI tool offers objective and consistent scoring for enhanced student feedback and performance improvement.

Keywords:
Artificial intelligence (AI)Large language model (LLM)Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)Performance-based assessment (PBA)

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Clinical Skills Assessment

Background:

  • Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) are crucial for assessing pharmacy students' clinical skills.
  • Traditional grading of OSCEs by faculty can be subjective and time-consuming.
  • There is a need for objective, consistent, and efficient assessment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence (AI) for grading pharmacy OSCE analytical checklists.
  • To compare AI grading accuracy, objectivity, consistency, and efficiency against faculty evaluators.

Main Methods:

  • Third-year pharmacy students (n=39) completed a 5-station OSCE.
  • Audio recordings of 2 stations were processed by customized AI language models (speech-to-text and transformer).
  • AI scores were compared against investigator validation and faculty scores.

Main Results:

  • The AI model achieved >96% and 94% accuracy for the two stations.
  • Faculty scoring showed statistically significant inter-rater variability.
  • AI graded 39 students in under 5 minutes, demonstrating high efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • A customized AI model significantly outperformed faculty in accuracy, objectivity, consistency, and efficiency for pharmacy OSCE checklists.
  • AI offers a promising tool for objective and efficient assessment in pharmacy education.
  • Timely AI-driven feedback can aid in improving future student performance.