Case report and literature review of complex renal angiomyolipoma

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a rare benign renal tumor with notable clinical implications, including potential compression of adjacent organs and a heightened risk of spontaneous hemorrhage, particularly when the tumor grows large. We present a complex case involving renal AML in a 52-year-old male patient who exhibited persistent left flank pain. Radiological imaging revealed a bilateral AML, with the most significant lesion on the left measuring approximately 13.5 × 19.3 × 15.6 cm. This lesion was associated with multiple renal stones, fluid accumulation, and atrophy of the left kidney. Surgical intervention was necessary, leading to open nephrectomy and removal of the left renal mass. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma and left renal atrophy. This case report provides critical insights into the multifaceted nature of renal AML, covering its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, and thus enhances the understanding and management of this condition in clinical practice.