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Hikikomori Risk in the UK.

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This study refined the Hikikomori Risk Inventory-24 (HRI-24) into a shorter HRI-13 tool for UK young adults. Both versions effectively identify risks associated with negative affect and anxiety.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Social Psychiatry

Background:

  • Hikikomori syndrome is characterized by voluntary social withdrawal, typically emerging in young adulthood.
  • Previous research on hikikomori risk has been limited in the UK population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate and refine the Hikikomori Risk Inventory-24 (HRI-24) screening tool for use with UK young adults.
  • To assess the psychometric properties of a shortened version of the HRI-24.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1 involved 341 UK young adults completing the HRI-24, followed by item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
  • Study 2 included 228 UK young adults to examine the correlation between the refined HRI-13 and modern-type depression.

Main Results:

  • A 13-item Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-13) was developed, showing perfect correlation with the HRI-24.
  • Both HRI-13 and HRI-24 demonstrated strong validity, correlating with depression, anxiety, avoidant coping, and negative early life factors.
  • HRI-13 scores positively correlated with modern-type depression, characterized by social avoidance and technology addiction.

Conclusions:

  • The HRI-13 and HRI-24 are effective in identifying hikikomori risks linked to negative affect and anxiety.
  • The screening tools may have limitations in detecting risks not associated with negative affect.