Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Nicandrin B Isolated From Datura ferox in Zebrafish

Nicandrin B (Nic B), a withanolide isolated from Datura ferox leaves, was investigated for its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals treated with Nic B (4, 20, and 40 mg/kg) showed no toxicity and maintained normal locomotor activity. The compound significantly reduced nociception induced by formalin and hypertonic saline; these effects were reversed by TRPA1 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonists, indicating neuromodulation of these targets. Additionally, Nic B attenuated carrageenan-induced abdominal edema, reduced neutrophil recruitment, and decreased hepatic reactive oxygen species levels. Docking analysis confirmed a favorable binding affinity with TRPA1, supporting its therapeutic potential. These findings suggest that Nic B combines analgesic, anti-inflammatory activity, and toxicological safety, making it a promising drug candidate.