ERCP first vs. surgery first: A comparative perspective in pediatric choledocholithiasis

Pediatric choledocholithiasis is a rare but increasingly recognized disease process that is predominantly managed with either an "endoscopy-first" or "surgery-first" (SF) approach. In the endoscopy-first approach, a preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is performed with subsequent cholecystectomy. In contrast, the surgery-first approach is a single-stage procedure that includes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperative cholangiogram, followed by a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration when indicated. Recent studies have highlighted the potential advantages of the SF approach. However, no standardized treatment algorithm exists, and institutional capabilities and practicing patterns heavily influence management decisions. This point-counterpoint review explores both approaches, analyzing their effects on clinical outcomes and healthcare resources. Continued research and a multidisciplinary approach are needed to develop consensus-driven treatment algorithms.