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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Conserved recombination patterns across hepatitis B genotypes: a retrospective study.

Derek Tshiabuila1, James E San2, Eduan Wilkinson3

  • 1Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. derektshiabuila@sun.ac.za.

Virology Journal
|July 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genetic diversity and recombination were analyzed in 8823 genomes. Inter-genotype B/C recombination was most common, with HBx and pre-Core regions as hotspots, impacting HBV evolution and public health.

Keywords:
Genotypic diversityHepatitis B virus (HBV)PhylogeneticsRecombination hotspotsViral evolutionViral recombination

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Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health issue.
  • Chronic HBV infection leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Understanding HBV genotypic diversity and recombination is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genotypic diversity and recombination patterns of Hepatitis B virus.
  • To identify recombination hotspots and frequently transferred regions within the HBV genome.
  • To understand the factors influencing HBV recombination patterns and their evolutionary implications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 14486 publicly available HBV genome sequences, filtered to 8823 high-quality genomes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood to construct genotype datasets.
  • Identification of recombination events using RDP5.64 software.

Main Results:

  • 288 unique recombination events were identified across HBV genotypes.
  • Inter-genotype B/C recombination was the most prevalent, particularly in viruses phylogenetically classified as B or C.
  • HBx and pre-Core regions were identified as recombination breakpoint hotspots, with pre-Core being the most frequently transferred region.

Conclusions:

  • HBV genetic diversity and recombination are complex, influenced by factors like sequence similarity and GC content.
  • Recombination patterns provide insights into HBV evolution.
  • Findings have implications for developing targeted public health interventions against HBV.