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Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

Aversion-resistant alcohol seeking in the human laboratory.

A C S Garrison¹, W Wu¹, M R Cox²

¹Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Alcohol, Clinical & Experimental Research

|July 6, 2025

Summary

This study developed a human lab model for aversion-resistant alcohol seeking, finding blunted alcohol stimulation, not drinking history, predicts compulsive drinking. This advances alcohol use disorder research.

Keywords:

alcohol seeking aversion compulsive drinking intravenous alcohol lifetime drinking history

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Addiction Research

Background:

Aversion-resistant drinking, a model for alcohol use disorder, is primarily studied via self-report in humans.
Developing a human laboratory behavioral model is crucial for translational research on this alcohol use disorder risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a human laboratory behavioral model of aversion-resistant alcohol seeking.
To investigate factors contributing to compulsive alcohol consumption in adults with heavy alcohol use.

Main Methods:

84 adults (21-55 years) with heavy alcohol use completed intravenous alcohol self-administration.
Sessions involved progressive-ratio responding for alcohol, with one session paired with aversive stimuli and the other neutral stimuli.
Hypotheses were preregistered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03648840).

Main Results:

Contrary to hypotheses, cumulative lifetime drinking did not predict aversion-resistant alcohol seeking.
Individuals with more extensive drinking histories worked more for alcohol overall.
A blunted increase in stimulation following an alcohol prime was associated with increased aversion-resistant alcohol seeking.

Conclusions:

Aversion-resistant alcohol seeking may be linked to blunted stimulating effects of alcohol, aligning with low-level response theory.
Acquired tolerance from heavy drinking could also contribute to compulsive alcohol seeking.
The developed human model facilitates preclinical-to-clinical research for novel alcohol use disorder treatments.