Assessing rural energy poverty in China and exploring its nexus with carbon emissions: A comparative urban-rural...

In the context of China's carbon emission reduction goals for achieving carbon peaking and neutrality, the relationship between carbon emissions and rural energy relative poverty (RERP) has become a critical issue. Using an urban-rural relative poverty framework, this study measured China's RERP across three dimensions: accessibility, cleanliness, and affordability. Panel data from 30 provinces, spanning 2007 to 2021, were analyzed using a panel quantile regression model to assess the impact of carbon emissions from rural household energy consumption on RERP across these three dimensions. The results indicated distinct trends in RERP across the three dimensions. Notably, the cleanliness dimension increased, highlighting the need for prioritized attention. Spatial variability in RERP was also observed across all dimensions within rural China. Furthermore, the empirical analysis revealed varying impacts of carbon emissions on RERP: while reducing carbon emissions alleviated RERP in the cleanliness dimension, it tended to worsen conditions related to accessibility and affordability. Therefore, under carbon reduction policies, addressing RERP requires a comprehensive strategy that balances carbon emission control with ensuring energy accessibility and affordability for rural households. This study highlights the importance of a holistic approach to alleviating RERP by harmonizing emission reduction efforts with the energy needs of rural communities. Tailored recommendations and strategies are provided to tackle this multifaceted challenge effectively.