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  11. Prevalence Of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis In Canada: A Cross-sectional Survey Study

Prevalence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Canada: a cross-sectional survey study

Manokamna Agarwal1, Ya-Ping Jin2, Larissa Gouvea1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
|July 6, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) affects Canadians, with prevalence estimates varying by age group. The best estimate for VKC in Canada was 0.90 per 10,000 people, and 4.33 per 10,000 children and teens.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a severe allergic eye condition primarily affecting children and adolescents.
  • Estimating VKC prevalence is challenging due to its episodic nature and varying diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the national prevalence of active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in Canada as of January 2023.
  • To provide data on VKC prevalence across different age demographics, particularly in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • A national online survey was distributed to 1,061 ophthalmologists registered with the Canadian Ophthalmological Society.
  • Eighty (7.5%) ophthalmologists responded, providing data used to estimate VKC prevalence under six distinct hypotheses.
  • Hypotheses considered variations in disease duration and potential underreporting by non-responders.

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Main Results:

  • Estimated VKC prevalence per 10,000 population ranged from 0.13 to 3.34 for all Canadians and 0.61 to 16.11 for those aged 0-19.
  • The most robust estimate, assuming a 4-year disease duration and accounting for non-responder data, was 0.90 per 10,000 for the general population and 4.33 per 10,000 for children and teens.
  • Common VKC complications included shield ulcer and steroid-induced ocular hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the most current national prevalence estimates for VKC in Canada.
  • The findings highlight a significant prevalence of VKC, especially in the pediatric population.
  • The data underscore the importance of understanding VKC's impact and associated complications in public health planning.