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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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SBAR II: Application of SBAR01:14

SBAR II: Application of SBAR

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SBAR is an effective communication tool used by healthcare professionals to communicate patient information accurately. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. For a better understanding, an example is given below.
SBAR Report from a Nurse to a Health Care Provider
S: "Hello, Dr. Smith. This is Jane, RN, from the Med Surg unit. I am calling to tell you about Ms. White in Room 210, who is experiencing increased pain and redness at her incision site. Her recent...
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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia
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Biochemical Measurement of Neonatal Hypoxia

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Neonatal Hypoglycemia.

Rakhi Gupta Basuray1, Alana Painter1, Shimona B Thakrar2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University; Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|July 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal hypoglycemia, a common infant condition, requires careful screening and treatment due to potential long-term effects. Accurate glucose monitoring and tailored interventions are key for affected newborns.

Keywords:
DextroseGlucose homeostasisNeonatal hypoglycemia

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neonatal hypoglycemia is a frequent condition in newborns.
  • Establishing consensus on critical glucose values remains challenging.
  • Potential long-term impacts necessitate vigilant screening and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and recommendations for neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • To discuss diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies.
  • To highlight areas for future research in neonatal glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic accuracy of various glucose measurement techniques.
  • Evaluation of current treatment protocols for symptomatic and asymptomatic infants.

Main Results:

  • Plasma glucose concentration is the most accurate measure.
  • Intravenous dextrose is recommended for acute symptoms.
  • Enteral feeding options are suitable for asymptomatic infants, promoting mother-infant bonding.
  • Infants at risk require close monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized screening and prompt treatment are crucial for neonatal hypoglycemia.
  • Accurate glucose monitoring and individualized care are essential.
  • Further research on neonatal glycemic trends and long-term outcomes is needed to refine clinical practice and prevent over- or under-treatment.