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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
44
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

342
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

52
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis

Published on: August 12, 2020

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Early Onset Sepsis.

Storm Dorrough1, Katie Ryan2

  • 1Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatric, Medical College of Wisconsin & Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Suite C450, 999 North 92nd Street, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|July 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early onset sepsis (EOS) is a serious bloodstream infection in newborns within the first week of life. Research aims to improve diagnosis, distinguishing true infections from risk factors to ensure timely treatment for affected infants.

Keywords:
EONSEOSEarly onset neonatal sepsisEarly onset sepsisNeonatal sepsisNewborn sepsis

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A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis
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Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis
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A Controlled Mouse Model for Neonatal Polymicrobial Sepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Critical Care

Background:

  • Early onset sepsis (EOS) is a critical bloodstream infection affecting neonates within the first 3-7 days of life.
  • Common causative pathogens in the US include Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, with Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus prevalent globally.
  • Timely recognition of EOS risk factors and clinical signs is crucial for prompt and effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for reducing unnecessary treatment in infants with EOS risk factors but no infection.
  • To enhance the accurate detection and management of neonates with confirmed EOS.
  • To balance the need for early intervention with the avoidance of overtreatment in at-risk newborns.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic criteria and clinical management guidelines for EOS.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on common EOS pathogens.
  • Examination of research trends in EOS diagnostics and treatment optimization.

Main Results:

  • Identified key pathogens contributing to EOS globally and in the US.
  • Highlighted the challenge of differentiating true EOS from clinical risk factors.
  • Underscored the ongoing research focus on improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of EOS is paramount for neonatal health.
  • Future research should prioritize methods to minimize unnecessary antibiotic exposure in neonates.
  • Optimizing EOS management requires a nuanced approach considering both infection risk and clinical presentation.