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Highly Conductive Liquid Metal Emulsion Gels for Three-Dimensionally Printed Stretchable Electronics.

Qianying Lu^1,2, Ting Fang^1,2, Chenyang Ye^1,2

¹State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210021, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|July 7, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed a 3D printable liquid metal emulsion gel for advanced stretchable electronics. This innovation enables highly conductive and ultra-stretchable components, paving the way for practical applications in flexible devices.

Keywords:

3D printing liquid metal printable electronics stretchable conductors stretchable electronics

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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

Published on: December 9, 2011

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Electrical Engineering

Background:

Gallium-based liquid metals offer unique properties for stretchable electronics.
Scalable and automated fabrication methods for liquid metal applications are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a 3D printable liquid metal emulsion gel.
To enable the fabrication of highly conductive and stretchable electronic components.

Main Methods:

A two-step method was employed to create liquid metal microcapsules within polymer matrices.
The resulting emulsion gel was characterized for rheological properties and printability.
3D printing was used to fabricate electronic components.

Main Results:

The emulsion gel exhibited favorable rheological properties and minimal shrinkage.
Printed features achieved high conductivity (≈2.2× 10^4 S cm^-1) and ultrahigh stretchability (≈1000% strain).
Stretchable LED displays and NFC tags were successfully fabricated.

Conclusions:

The developed liquid metal microcapsule gel is a versatile platform for 3D printed stretchable electronics.
This method overcomes fabrication limitations, enabling practical applications.
The technology facilitates the design of novel liquid metal inks for printed electronics.