Navigating the Autism Journey: Parental Experiences, Barriers and the Role of Early Intervention in India

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often encounter significant challenges in accessing timely diagnosis and appropriate support services. This study explores the experiences of parents navigating autism-related services in India, focusing on barriers to diagnosis, post-diagnosis support and the role of early intervention. Using a qualitative research design, we conducted focus group discussions with 11 parents of children with ASD and analysed the data using thematic analysis. Sentiment analysis and chi-square statistical testing were also applied to assess parental perspectives across key themes. The findings reveal systemic delays in diagnosis, limited public awareness and inconsistencies in service availability, which contribute to heightened parental stress. Parents expressed difficulties in implementing intervention strategies at home and reported challenges related to accessibility and affordability of professional support. Whereas some parents acknowledged the benefits of available services, many highlighted gaps in tailored, culturally appropriate interventions. Sentiment analysis showed a relatively even distribution of positive, neutral and negative sentiments across themes, indicating the complexity of parental experiences. This study underscores the need for a more structured and inclusive approach to ASD support, including digital tools, peer support networks and early screening programmes. Strengthening policy frameworks and expanding accessible interventions can enhance the effectiveness of autism services and improve outcomes for families. These findings contribute to the growing body of research advocating for parent-inclusive, culturally responsive autism support systems.