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Analysis of Prognostic Risk Factors in Children with Disorders of Consciousness Undergoing Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Long Zhao1, Sha Li1, Yansong Liu1
1The Second Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China.
Insights
Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and better baseline neurological scores improve prognosis for children with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Identifying risk factors optimizes treatment and neurological outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Hyperbaric Medicine
- Neurorehabilitation
Background:
- Disorders of consciousness (DOC) in children present significant treatment challenges.
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) shows promise for improving cerebral oxygenation and neural repair in pediatric DOC.
- Prognostic factors for HBOT outcomes in pediatric DOC are not well-defined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors influencing the prognosis of children with DOC undergoing HBOT.
- To analyze factors associated with poor outcomes in pediatric DOC patients receiving HBOT.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 255 children with DOC treated with HBOT (January 2010 - January 2024).
- Data collected included demographics, etiology, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), treatment timing, and comorbidities.
- Logistic regression identified independent risk factors for poor prognosis based on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
Main Results:
- Risk factors for poor prognosis included age < 12 years, late HBOT timing, low HBOT frequency, low pre-HBOT GCS and CRS-R scores, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
- Specific independent risk factors varied by etiology: low GCS for traumatic brain injury, low CRS-R for encephalitis, and late HBOT timing/low frequency/low CRS-R for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
Conclusions:
- Early HBOT intervention is crucial for improving outcomes in pediatric DOC.
- Baseline neurological status (GCS, CRS-R) significantly predicts recovery.
- Understanding these risk factors aids in optimizing HBOT treatment strategies and enhancing long-term neurological outcomes for children with DOC.
Background And Objective:
Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are serious neurological conditions in children, often caused by brain injury, infection, or hypoxia, with limited effective treatments. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive approach due to its potential to improve cerebral oxygenation and promote neural repair. However, the prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes in pediatric DOC remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for prognosis of children with DOC undergoing HBOT.
Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 255 children diagnosed with DOC who received HBOT at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2010 to January 2024. Clinical data, including demographic information, etiology, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), treatment timing, and comorbidities, were collected. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score, the children were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for poor prognosis.
Results:
Age < 12 years (OR: 0.319, 95% CI: 0.113-0.901), late timing of HBOT intervention (OR: 41.667, 95% CI: 2.122-818.296), low HBOT frequency (OR: 0.092, 95% CI: 0.019-0.441), low GCS score before HBOT (OR: 0.523, 95% CI: 0.362-0.756), low CRS-R score before HBOT (OR: 0.419, 95% CI: 0.226-0.780), and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (OR: 4.885, 95% CI: 1.508-15.826) were risk factors for poor prognosis in DOC children (P < 0.05). Low GCS score before treatment was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in DOC children after traumatic brain injury (P < 0.05), low CRS-R score before treatment was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in DOC children after encephalitis (P < 0.05), and late timing of HBOT, low HBOT frequency and low CRS-R score before HBOT were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in DOC children after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study highlights the clinical value of early HBOT intervention and baseline neurological status in predicting recovery in children with DOC. Identifying these risk factors can help optimize treatment decisions and improve long-term neurological outcomes.
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