Duodenal Stenosis Complicated by Foreign Body Impaction in a Child With Down Syndrome: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Pediatrics
• Genetics

Background:

• Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition frequently linked to congenital gastrointestinal (GI) anomalies.
• Duodenal atresia and stenosis are among the most prevalent GI complications observed in DS patients.
• Early identification and management of GI issues are crucial for improving outcomes in individuals with DS.

Observation:

• A five-year-old boy with a diagnosis of Down syndrome and hypothyroidism presented with symptoms of an acute abdomen.
• Diagnostic evaluation revealed duodenal stenosis.
• The stenosis was found to be caused by the impaction of a large number of foreign bodies (239 date seeds).

Findings:

• The case involved a rare presentation of duodenal stenosis in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome.
• Foreign body ingestion, specifically date seeds, was identified as the cause of the obstruction.
• Surgical intervention was required to relieve the significant duodenal narrowing.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering and screening for GI anomalies in all patients with Down syndrome, even with atypical presentations.
• Healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for foreign body ingestion in DS patients presenting with abdominal symptoms.
• Prompt surgical evaluation and intervention are critical for managing complex GI obstructions in this population.