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Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

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Maternal Multiple Sclerosis and Offspring's Developmental and Behavioral Profile: A Case-control Study.

Martina Siracusano^1,2, Doriana Landi^3,4, Elisa Carloni²

¹Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

Current Neuropharmacology

|July 7, 2025

Summary

Maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) and Natalizumab treatment during pregnancy did not impact offspring development. Children exposed to maternal MS showed normal cognitive and adaptive skills, with no increased behavioral issues or autism symptoms.

Keywords:

Multiple sclerosis autism children natalizumab neurodevelopment pregnancy

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Immunology

Background:

Maternal chronic immune and inflammatory conditions can affect newborn development.
The impact of maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) on offspring neurodevelopment and the effects of pregnancy treatments like Natalizumab are largely unknown.
Pregnancy is a critical period for neurodevelopmental disorder etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the cognitive and behavioral profile of children born to mothers with MS.
To compare offspring exposed to maternal MS (treated or untreated with Natalizumab) against a control group.
To investigate the long-term effects of maternal MS and its treatment on child development.

Main Methods:

Retrospective enrollment of 39 children exposed to maternal MS and 36 control children.
Standardized evaluation of intellectual quotient, adaptive functioning, and behavioral issues, including autism symptoms.
Comparison of developmental outcomes between MS-exposed offspring and controls.

Main Results:

Offspring exposed to maternal MS demonstrated adequate cognitive profiles and good adaptive skills.
No significant behavioral problems or autism symptoms were observed in any offspring group.
Cognitive and adaptive scores were comparable between MS-exposed and control groups, irrespective of Natalizumab treatment.

Conclusions:

Maternal Natalizumab treatment during pregnancy does not appear to influence offspring developmental or behavioral phenotypes.
Maternal factors related to MS, such as diagnosis age, disease duration, or severity, did not significantly affect offspring outcomes.
Offspring of mothers with MS exhibit normal developmental trajectories, unaffected by the maternal condition or its treatment.