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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Allergy: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization
Maolin Liu1, Zhongyao Zeng1, Yuanzhi Song1
1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background:
The association between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and allergic diseases in children has been reported in observational studies, yet whether the relationship reflects causality remains unclear.
Methods:
To address this, we performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic instrumental variables associated with ADHD (N = 38 691) and childhood allergy (N = 5337) from the largest available genome-wide association studies. Inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary estimate, whereas Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger regression were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy.
Results:
The main MR estimates indicated that ADHD significantly associated with the risk of allergic diseases in children (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.27, p = 0.017). The mediation analysis via two-step MR showed no evidence for mediating roles of gut microbiota and metabolites in the effect of ADHD on childhood allergy.
Conclusions:
These findings may inform neuroimmune interaction and interventions for allergic diseases in children with ADHD.
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