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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
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Toward Sex Inclusivity: Perspectives on Sex as a Biological Variable.

Shanen M Mulles1, Daniel Z Aziz1, C Chase Binion2

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Journal of Women'S Health (2002)
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) sex as a biological variable (SABV) policy is viewed differently by study section members, with fewer receiving resources but more believing it improves research rigor. Opinions on SABV importance remain similar, with notable sex-based differences in perceptions.

Keywords:
policysex as a biological variablesex biassex inclusivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Health Policy
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The NIH mandated considering sex as a biological variable (SABV) in 2016 to enhance research inclusivity.
  • Debate persists regarding the practical impact and utility of the SABV policy.
  • Understanding study section members' perspectives on SABV is crucial for policy evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess study section members' opinions on the NIH's SABV policy.
  • To compare current opinions with those from 2016-2017.
  • To investigate how opinions on SABV vary by self-reported sex.

Main Methods:

  • An 18-question survey was emailed in 2023 to 20,803 study section members.
  • Survey responses were compared to data from a similar 2016-2017 survey.
  • Statistical analysis was used to compare opinions based on sex and time period.

Main Results:

  • Response rate was 17.7% (3,699 individuals).
  • Fewer respondents received SABV resources in 2020-2023 compared to 2016-2017 (58.0% vs. 73.0%).
  • More respondents in 2020-2023 believed SABV improves research rigor (71.1% vs. 56.3%).
  • Importance of considering SABV remained similar (63.7% vs. 66.0%).
  • Male respondents were less likely than female respondents to view SABV as improving rigor or being important for experimental design.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse perspectives on the SABV policy persist among NIH study section members.
  • While perceived rigor improvement has increased, resource availability has decreased.
  • Addressing sex as a biological variable requires ongoing effort and understanding to benefit all populations.