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Phthalate Exposure: Prevalence, Health Effects, Regulatory Frameworks, and Remediation
Abdulkhalik Mansuri1, Charvi Trivedi1, Shaivee Chokshi1
1Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Central Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
Chemical Research in Toxicology
|July 7, 2025
Summary
Phthalates are common plasticizers that leach into the environment, posing health risks. This review details their toxicity mechanisms, environmental presence, and detection methods, offering insights for risk mitigation.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Toxicology
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Phthalates are widely used plasticizers enhancing polymer flexibility.
- Their leaching into the environment raises global health and ecological concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review phthalates: chemical properties, environmental prevalence, and health risks.
- To critically analyze toxicity mechanisms, bioaccumulation, detection methods, and health effects.
- To integrate regulatory frameworks and future directions for phthalate risk mitigation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of chemical structures, properties, applications, and environmental distribution.
- Analysis of toxicity mechanisms (endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications).
- Examination of analytical techniques for detection and epidemiological/laboratory studies on health effects.
Main Results:
- Phthalates are prevalent in soil, water, and air due to their easy leaching.
- Mechanisms of toxicity include endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes.
- Exposure is linked to developmental, reproductive, and systemic health issues.
Conclusions:
- Urgent need for sensitive detection methods and robust regulatory frameworks.
- Phthalate exposure poses significant risks to human health and ecosystems.
- Further research and integrated strategies are crucial for mitigating phthalate impacts.
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