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3D Printing-In Situ Curing of Soft Organogels Using Frontal Polymerizable Inks.

Qing Li1, Ya-Lan Zhao1, Hai-Xia Shen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new frontal polymerization (FP)-3D printing method enables rapid, energy-saving fabrication of polymer gels. This technique enhances structural integrity and achieves high water evaporation rates for soft materials.

Keywords:
3D printingevaporatorsfrontal polymerizationin situ curingorganogels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Current 3D printing methods for polymer gels often require energy-intensive post-processing or continuous energy input.
  • Direct ink writing leads to reduced fidelity and integrity, while stereolithography has high energy demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an energy-efficient 3D printing method for fabricating polymer gels with high fidelity and structural integrity.
  • To introduce a frontal polymerization (FP)-3D printing-in situ-curing strategy for soft materials.

Main Methods:

  • Developed printable and polymerizable inks using acrylate-based monomers and soft organogel materials.
  • Utilized frontal polymerization (FP) for rapid, in-situ curing of printed polymer gels without external energy input.
  • Investigated the energy requirements and structural integrity of the printed materials.

Main Results:

  • Achieved real-time monomer-to-polymer conversion in seconds, reducing energy requirements by orders of magnitude.
  • Demonstrated closely bonded printed structures that resist collapse and deformation.
  • The as-printed organogel evaporator exhibited a high water-evaporation rate of 3.77 kg m⁻² h⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • The FP-3D printing-in situ-curing strategy offers an energy-saving alternative for soft material fabrication.
  • This method enables high fidelity and integrity in printed patterns.
  • The technology shows wide applicability in fabricating advanced soft materials.