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Molecular Mechanisms of Perivascular Macrophages in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Single-Cell Sequencing and

Min Zhang1,2, Shufang Liu1,2, Yanan Zhao3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
|July 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study reveals key genes and pathways involving perivascular macrophages (PVMs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Understanding these PVM mechanisms could lead to new treatments for neuroinflammation in AD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuroinflammation and immune system dysfunction.
  • Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are implicated in AD pathogenesis, but their specific molecular roles require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of PVMs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using advanced sequencing and genetic analysis.
  • To identify key genes and signaling pathways associated with PVM function in AD.

Main Methods:

  • Employed single-cell sequencing on AD patient data (GSE264648) and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using eQTLGen data.
  • Performed functional annotation, immune infiltration analysis, and pseudo-time analysis to understand PVM behavior.

Main Results:

  • Identified four genes (IFNGR1, KLHL5, NUMB, WDFY4) significantly associated with AD risk.
  • Found PVMs involved in immune regulation (IL-6_JAK_STAT3, Notch signaling) and metabolic pathways.
  • Observed increased M2 macrophages and developmental shifts in PVMs during AD progression.

Conclusions:

  • PVMs play a critical role in AD-associated neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation.
  • The identified genes and pathways offer potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Further research into PVM-targeted interventions may help slow AD progression.
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseMendelian randomizationPerivascular macrophagesSingle-cell sequencing

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