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Challenges and Strategies in Managing Naegleria fowleri-Associated Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis in Pakistan: A

Maham Zaman1, Tooba Fida2, Hafiz Muhammad Haris3

  • 1Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

Acta Parasitologica
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Naegleria fowleri causes Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a fatal brain infection. This case highlights domestic water as a potential source, emphasizing early diagnosis and public health in Pakistan.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic, free-living amoeba responsible for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM).
  • PAM is a rare but extremely fatal infection of the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) in Pakistan.
  • To discuss potential sources and public health implications of Naegleria fowleri infections.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 31-year-old male presenting with neurological symptoms.
  • Diagnosis confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) wet mount microscopy.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM).
  • Domestic water was suspected as the source, with no recreational water exposure.
  • The case occurred in Ichhra, Lahore, Pakistan.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and intervention are critical for improving outcomes in PAM.
  • Rising temperatures and compromised water systems may increase Naegleria fowleri prevalence.
  • Public health measures are essential to prevent Naegleria fowleri infections in Pakistan.
Keywords:
Naegleria fowleriBrain-eating amoebaPAMPrimary amebic meningoencephalitis

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