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Primordial Cells Bridging the Gap Between Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Pretty Ponnachan1, Ahmad Al Aiyan1, Basel Al-Ramadi2,3,4
1Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 7, 2025
Summary
Unconventional lymphocytes bridge innate and adaptive immunity, acting as key sensors. These diverse cells, including NK and MAIT cells, mount crucial immune responses during stress.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Background:
- Innate immunity relies on germline-encoded receptors for rapid responses to non-self.
- Lymphocytes are crucial for adaptive immunity, providing specificity and memory.
- Unconventional lymphocytes exhibit characteristics of both innate and adaptive immune cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the role of specialized lymphocytes acting as key immune sensors.
- To describe the immune response of unconventional lymphocytes under various stress conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review and summarization of existing literature on unconventional lymphocytes.
- Classification of lymphocytes based on their immune characteristics and receptor expression.
Main Results:
- Unconventional lymphocytes include NK cells, γδT cells, NKT cells, MAIT cells, IELs, B1 cells, and marginal zone B cells.
- These cells possess innate immune features while also expressing antigen-specific T or B cell receptors.
- They play a critical role in immune surveillance and response modulation.
Conclusions:
- Unconventional lymphocytes represent a diverse group bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
- Their unique properties enable them to act as vital sensors and effectors in immune responses, particularly under stress.
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