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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Protocol for the Production of KLRG1 Tetramer
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The C-Type Lectin Receptors.

Kasturi Ganguly1, Taruna Madan2

  • 1Department of Innate Immunity, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH), Mumbai, India. guptat@nirrch.res.in.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

C-type lectins (CTLs) are diverse proteins involved in immune responses and cancer biology. Understanding C-type lectin receptors (CTLRs) offers innovative therapeutic strategies for diseases.

Keywords:
CLRsCTLDCancer immunologyInnate immunityMicrobial immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • C-type lectins (CTLs) are a protein superfamily utilizing C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) to bind diverse ligands.
  • CTLD-containing proteins (CTLDcps) are phylogenetically grouped into 17 distinct families.
  • While known for roles in immunity, CTLs are increasingly recognized for their involvement in cancer biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of C-type lectins beyond traditional immune functions.
  • To highlight the dualistic nature of C-type lectin receptor (CLR) signaling in microbial and oncogenic contexts.
  • To emphasize the therapeutic potential of targeting CLR signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis and domain organization of CTLDcps.
  • Review of existing literature on CTL functions in immunity and cancer.
  • Investigation of CLR signaling pathways and their therapeutic implications.

Main Results:

  • CTLs govern a wide range of physiological functions through ligand identification.
  • CLR signaling exhibits context-dependent dual effects in immunity and cancer.
  • Targeting CLR signaling presents novel therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of CTLs and CTLRs is crucial for both immune defense and disease management.
  • The diverse functions of CTLs necessitate further research into their mechanisms.
  • Targeted modulation of CLR signaling holds promise for innovative disease treatments.