Targeting TP53TG1: a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for personalized cancer therapy

Tumor protein p53 target gene 1 (TP53TG1) is a significant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) located on human chromosome 7q21.12, exhibiting dysregulated expression in several cancer tissues, and operates both as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor. TP53TG1 modulates gene expression by several mechanisms, including "competitive RNA" activity, competitive miRNA binding, control of critical signaling pathways, and facilitation of epigenetic changes. TP53TG1 affects tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis through intricate mechanisms, modifies tumor cells resistance to therapies, influences the tumor immune microenvironment and metabolic reprogramming, and may present various avenues for clinical therapeutic intervention. Notwithstanding considerable advancements in comprehending the molecular function of TP53TG1, some challenges persist, especially regarding the efficient and targeted administration of TP53TG1-based therapeutics. Advanced RNA delivery technologies, including lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), sphingomyelin-based nanosystems, and polymer-based nanocarriers, have demonstrated the capacity to surmount these obstacles. This review aims to clarify the expression pattern of TP53TG1 in 10 malignant tumors, its biological relevance, its potential as a therapeutic target, and its importance in clinical applications, thereby offering a novel perspective on molecular targeting in cancer. In the future, integrating TP53TG1 with conventional medications may augment efficacy, offer personalized treatments, and eventually increase the prognosis for patients with aggressive or drug-resistant cancers.