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Targeting eIF4A with RNA Aptamers Enhances Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice Through Modulation of Translation

Haomin Chen1,2, Zhihao Xie1,2, Mingming Chen3,4,5

  • 1College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.

Rice (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used RNA aptamers to enhance salt tolerance in rice by targeting eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). This approach improved rice growth and photosynthesis under saline conditions, offering a new strategy for crop resilience.

Keywords:
RNA aptamerRiceSalt stresseIF4A

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Salt stress significantly limits global rice productivity.
  • Enhancing salt tolerance is vital for sustainable agriculture.
  • Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) is a key regulator of translation under stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RNA aptamers for modulating eIF4A to improve salt tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa).
  • To develop precise and reversible tools for enhancing crop stress resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) to isolate RNA aptamers targeting eIF4A.
  • Characterization of aptamer binding affinity and function using radioisotope-based helicase assays.
  • Expression of aptamers in rice and Arabidopsis to assess salt stress tolerance.

Main Results:

  • High-affinity RNA aptamers, including eApt-2, were isolated that bind eIF4A.
  • eApt-2 selectively blocked cap-dependent translation without impairing eIF4A's RNA-unwinding activity.
  • Rice and Arabidopsis expressing eApt-2 showed enhanced salt stress tolerance, with improved growth, biomass, and photosynthesis.

Conclusions:

  • RNA aptamers can precisely and reversibly enhance salt stress tolerance in crops.
  • This approach offers an alternative to conventional genetic modification for improving plant resilience.
  • The study highlights the potential of RNA aptamers for engineering abiotic stress tolerance in plants.