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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
Published on: February 28, 2018
Microbiota-Mediated Modulation of Chemotherapeutic Drug Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer: An In-Depth Analysis of Six
Priyanka Dalal1, Nandini Bajaj1,2, Uttkarsh Katiyar1
1Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
Abstract:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden, and emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota may influence therapeutic responses. This study explores the interaction between Escherichia coli and non-CRC-specific anticancer drugs cyclophosphamide, Cytalon, Nitrol, etoposide, gemcitabine, and methotrexate through bacterial modification. Following bacterial incubation, drugs were tested in vitro using MTT and Alamar Blue assays, revealing significantly enhanced cytotoxicity against CRC cells (HCT116) while preserving variability in normal fibroblasts (L929). Mechanistic studies, including ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cell cycle arrest, NF-κB translocation, and TNF-α activation confirmed the cell death induction. NMR analysis and 3D spheroid disruption demonstrated structural drug alterations postincubation in one of the best-responding drugs. These findings highlight microbial drug transformation as a promising avenue for enhancing chemotherapeutic selectivity and efficacy in colorectal cancer treatment.
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