'Precept and Example': The Conservative Government and British Sporting Contacts with Apartheid South Africa, 1970-74
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.The 1970s were challenging for the British anti-Apartheid movement. Edward Heath's government reversed previous policies, actively encouraging and funding British sporting ties with South Africa.
Area Of Science
- History
- Political Science
- Sports History
Background
- The 1970s presented significant challenges for the British anti-Apartheid movement's efforts to isolate South Africa.
- Despite campaigning, British athletes and teams continued to compete in South Africa, and all-white South African teams toured Britain.
- Previous Labour governments had opposed sporting relations with South Africa.
Purpose Of The Study
- To analyze the role of Edward Heath's Conservative government in maintaining and encouraging British sporting ties with South Africa during the 1970s.
- To investigate how the Conservative government empowered a British sporting establishment resistant to political involvement in sports.
Main Methods
- Historical analysis of government policy and actions.
- Examination of the political climate surrounding international sports and the anti-Apartheid movement.
- Review of the shift in British foreign policy towards South Africa under the Heath administration.
Main Results
- Edward Heath's Conservative government (1970-1974) reversed prior policies, actively promoting and funding British sporting interactions with South Africa.
- This administration empowered a British sporting establishment that prioritized separating sports from politics.
- The government's actions facilitated continued sporting links, contrary to the goals of the anti-Apartheid movement.
Conclusions
- The Conservative government under Edward Heath significantly hindered the anti-Apartheid movement's sporting boycott efforts in the 1970s.
- Heath's government actively fostered sporting relations with apartheid South Africa, contrasting sharply with previous Labour policies.
- The study highlights the crucial impact of governmental policy shifts on international sporting boycotts and political activism.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Conservative forces are an essential concept in the field of mechanical engineering. Understanding the properties and characteristics of these forces is crucial to the design and analysis of mechanical systems.
Conservative forces are forces that are dependent only on the initial and final positions of an object and that are independent of the path that the object takes between these positions. These forces conserve energy, which means that the work done by the force is independent of the path...
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.
Social Roles
One major social determinant of human behavior is our social role—a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group (Hare, 2003). Each one of us has several social roles. You may be, at the same time, a student, a parent, an aspiring...
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Non-conservative forces are dissipative forces such as friction or air resistance. These forces take energy away from a system as it progresses. Unlike conservative forces, non-conservative forces do not have potential energy associated with them. This is because the energy is lost to the system and cannot be turned into useful work later.
Also unlike their conservative counterparts, they are path-dependent; where the object starts and stops does matter. For example, a grinding wheel applies a...
Another method of radical formation is the elimination process. It is the opposite of the addition route and is driven by the instability of the radical. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, dibenzoyl peroxide yields a pair of unstable radicals upon homolysis. Given its instability, this radical spontaneously undergoes elimination via a C–C bond cleavage to form a relatively more stable phenyl radical. The mechanism involves cleavage of the bond between the α and β positions...