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Drug Overdose Deaths in the United States, 2003–2023
NCHS Data Brief
|July 7, 2025
Summary
Overall drug overdose deaths declined slightly in 2023, but stimulant-involved overdose deaths, particularly cocaine, saw an increase. Rates also rose for older adults and some demographic groups, highlighting persistent challenges in the opioid and stimulant crisis.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Drug overdose deaths remain a significant public health concern in the United States.
- Understanding trends in overdose deaths by drug type and demographic group is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze recent trends in drug overdose death rates from 2022 to 2023.
- To examine changes in overdose deaths by demographic characteristics and specific drug classes, including opioids and stimulants.
Main Methods:
- Utilized National Vital Statistics System mortality data from 2003-2023.
- Defined drug poisoning deaths using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes.
- Calculated age-adjusted death rates and assessed trends using Joinpoint Regression Program.
Main Results:
- The overall age-adjusted drug overdose death rate decreased from 32.6 to 31.3 per 100,000 population between 2022 and 2023.
- Rates declined for younger age groups (15-54) but increased for adults 55 and older.
- Deaths involving synthetic opioids, heroin, and natural/semisynthetic opioids decreased, while cocaine and psychostimulant-involved deaths increased.
Conclusions:
- While overall overdose death rates show a slight decline, the increase in stimulant-related deaths and rising rates in older adults signal evolving challenges.
- Continued monitoring and tailored public health strategies are necessary to address the complex and changing landscape of the drug overdose epidemic.
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