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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

6.8K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Studying the Effects of Tumor-Secreted Paracrine Ligands on Macrophage Activation using Co-Culture with Permeable Membrane Supports
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Microbiome-mediated immune modulation in tumor microenvironment.

John Richards1, Eleanor L Davis2, L Shakila3

  • 1The Honors College, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor microenvironment (TME), microbiome, and immune system interact to influence cancer. Microbes can fight or promote tumors, impacting diagnosis and immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Cancer preventionImmune check point therapyImmunotherapyMetabolitesMicrobe-induced immunogenic cell deathMicrobiomeTumor microenvironment (TME)

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises cancer cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, influencing tumor growth.
  • Immune cells within the TME can either inhibit or promote tumor progression.
  • The microbiome's role in cancer development and immune response is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between the TME, microbiome, and immune system in cancer.
  • To elucidate how microbial metabolites and antigens influence tumor progression and immune responses.
  • To categorize microbial interactions with cancer and their implications for diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanisms including microbial metabolites, antigen presentation, and immune checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1).
  • Analysis of how microbes (bacteria, viruses, fungi) can trigger anti-cancer immune responses like immunogenic cell death (ICD).
  • Examination of dysbiosis's role in promoting tumors via inflammation, immune suppression, and metabolic changes.

Main Results:

  • Microbial interactions with cancer are categorized into direct causation, infection induction, and organ-specific microbiome influences.
  • Microbial antigens show potential as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
  • Dysbiosis can create a pro-tumorigenic environment, fostering cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the microbiome-TME-immune axis is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
  • Microbial-based strategies and enhanced immunotherapies hold promise for personalized cancer medicine.
  • Targeting microbial metabolites and antigens offers new avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment.