Serial mediating role of future time perspective and grit in the relationship between growth mindset and academic engagement
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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Assessing the Multiple Dimensions of Engagement to Characterize Learning: A Neurophysiological Perspective
Published on: July 1, 2015
Wenjun Li1, Shahabuddin Bin Hashim2
1School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Abstract:
This study examined the effect of growth mindset on academic engagement and the parallel and serial mediating roles of future time perspective and grit in the relationship between growth mindset and academic engagement. The participants were 565 Chinese university students. They were asked to complete the Growth Mindset Scale, the General Future Time Perspective Scale for College Students, the Grit Scale, and the Chinese College Student Academic Engagement Questionnaire. The results showed that growth mindset positively predicted academic engagement; Future time perspective and grit can act as parallel mediators in the effects of growth mindset on academic engagement; Future time perspective and grit form serial mediators in the effect of growth mindset on academic engagement. Educators can enhance the academic engagement of university students by fostering the growth mindset, establishing the future time perspective and shaping the grit to stimulate their willingness to proactively set up future development goals and internal motivation for learning.
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