Synovial fluid as a complex molecular pool contributing to knee osteoarthritis

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Synovial fluid normally lubricates joints but is altered in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
• In KOA, synovial fluid contains disease drivers contributing to pain and joint pathology.
• Synovial fluid acts as a communication hub, receiving factors from local tissues and systemic circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent literature on synovial fluid factors in KOA.
• To identify biomarkers and molecular mediators of KOA symptoms and pathology.
• To discuss emerging therapies targeting these synovial fluid components.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on publications within the past 4 years.
• Analysis of studies identifying factors within synovial fluid in knee osteoarthritis.
• Consolidation of findings on biomarkers and molecular mediators.

Main Results:

• Synovial fluid in KOA contains non-coding RNAs, metabolites, cytokines, and proteins.
• These factors serve as biomarkers for disease progression, treatment efficacy, and pain.
• They also act as molecular mediators of KOA pathogenesis and systemic effects.

Conclusions:

• Synovial fluid constituents are crucial biomarkers and mediators in knee osteoarthritis.
• These molecules influence KOA symptoms, pathology, and potentially systemic effects.
• Targeting synovial fluid mediators presents a promising therapeutic strategy for KOA.