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N-Glycosylation-The Behind-the-Scenes 'Manipulative Hand' of Plant Pathogen Invasiveness
Hao Jiang1, Yamin Du1,2, Maorun Fu1,2
1College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
Abstract:
Plant pathogens infect hosts through sophisticated molecular strategies, with N-glycosylation serving as a critical post-translational modification that regulates their virulence. This review comprehensively summarises and discusses the role of N-glycosylation in regulating potential pathogenic mechanisms, including fungal growth and development, cell wall integrity, infection structures (e.g., appressoria, invasive hyphae) and the secretion of effector proteins. By ensuring proper protein folding, stability and interaction with host defences, N-glycosylation enables pathogens to evade plant immune recognition, such as pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity, and establish successful infections. Advances in glycomic techniques and proteomics offer tools to dissect these mechanisms with enhanced precision. Future research directions regarding N-glycosylation in plant pathogens should emphasise the development of small-molecule targeted drugs against pathogens and the creation of enzyme inhibitors to disrupt virulence factors. This work provides a perspective for further study regarding N-glycosylation in the plant-pathogenic mechanisms and effective disease control.
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