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Published on: December 23, 2016
Anthropogenic Factors and Social Organisation Drive Picobirnavirus Communities in Wild Rhesus Macaques
Krishna N Balasubramaniam1,2, Isamara Navarrete-Macias3, Shariful Islam4,5,6
1School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK.
Human activities and social structures significantly shape viral communities in rhesus macaques. Anthropogenic factors, like human and livestock density, are key drivers of viral composition, with varying impacts on different picobirnaviruses (PbVs).
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Virology
- Primate Biology
Background:
- Microbial community ecology is a growing field, but viral community ecology is less understood.
- Understanding viral communities in wildlife is crucial, especially in human-modified environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate factors influencing viral community composition and structure in wild rhesus macaques.
- To use picobirnaviruses (PbVs) as a model system to understand viral ecology in a primate host.
Main Methods:
- Studied viral communities in wild rhesus macaques in Bangladesh.
- Analyzed the influence of anthropogenic factors, host social organization, and host traits on viral community structure.
- Examined virus-virus associations and their impact on co-occurrence patterns at different scales.
Main Results:
- Anthropogenic factors (human and livestock densities) were the strongest predictors of viral community composition.
- Host social organization played a secondary role, influencing communities at group and site levels.
- Virus-virus associations were significant within individual hosts but less so at broader scales; host traits had minimal effects.
Conclusions:
- Environmental and social factors are dominant in shaping viral communities in wildlife.
- Virus community assembly is hierarchical, with different ecological processes operating at individual, group, and site scales.
- Anthropogenic factors can lead to macaques acquiring some PbVs from human sources while reducing exposure to others.
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