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Increased Mortality Rates Caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in a Migratory Raptor.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused significant rough-legged hawk mortality, with a 28% cause-specific rate. Telemetry data revealed HPAIV deaths were additive, impacting populations during migration.

Keywords:
Buteo lagopusavian fluinfectious diseasemovement ecologypopulation declinesurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife disease ecology
  • Avian pathology
  • Conservation biology

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) has caused widespread mortality in wild birds, particularly raptors, since 2021.
  • Telemetry studies tracking wild bird movements are crucial for understanding population-level impacts of diseases like HPAIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of HPAIV on rough-legged hawk (Buteo lagopus) populations using telemetry data.
  • To identify the cause-specific mortality rate and contributing factors of HPAIV in this raptor species.

Main Methods:

  • Movement data from 71 rough-legged hawks were analyzed during the 2022-2023 HPAIV outbreak across North American flyways.
  • Mortality events were identified, with HPAIV confirmed in a subset of cases and estimated for others.
  • Cause-specific and overall mortality rates were calculated and compared to baseline levels.

Main Results:

  • An estimated 28% HPAIV cause-specific mortality rate was observed in rough-legged hawks.
  • Overall mortality (47%) during the outbreak was significantly higher than baseline rates (3%-17%), indicating additive mortality.
  • HPAIV mortalities were concentrated in the Central and Atlantic flyways during prebreeding migration, peaking in April 2022.

Conclusions:

  • Telemetry data identified a continental-scale HPAIV mortality event in rough-legged hawks, potentially worsening population declines.
  • HPAIV exposure likely occurred through scavenging or preying on infected waterfowl.
  • Monitoring movement data is valuable for identifying mortality sources and understanding drivers of population change.