Tinea capitis in Hainan: a prospective study.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology and Mycology: Focuses on fungal infections of the skin and hair.
• Epidemiology: Investigates disease patterns within a specific population and geographic area.
• Tropical Medicine: Addresses health issues prevalent in tropical climates like Hainan.

Background:

• Tinea capitis is a common dermatophyte infection of the scalp, particularly in children.
• Hainan's unique climate and population interactions may influence its specific tinea capitis epidemiology.
• Limited comprehensive data exists on the tinea capitis pathogen spectrum in Hainan.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tinea capitis in Hainan, China.
• To identify the spectrum of dermatophyte pathogens causing tinea capitis in this region.
• To provide data for targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study conducted across 11 dermatological centers in Hainan from January 2023 to December 2024.
• Inclusion of 76 tinea capitis patients diagnosed via mycological examination and dermatoscopy.
• Data collection included demographics, exposure history, and clinical presentation; pathogen identification used morphology and ITS gene sequencing.

Main Results:

• The study enrolled 76 patients, with 80.26% being minors (≤15 years), predominantly children ≤10 years.
• Microsporum canis (43.79%) and Trichophyton rubrum (19.57%) were the most common pathogens identified.
• Kerion (57.89%) was the most frequent clinical manifestation, often associated with M. canis and T. mentagrophytes.

Conclusions:

• Tinea capitis in Hainan predominantly affects young children (≤10 years), with M. canis being the leading zoophilic cause.
• Kerion is the most common clinical presentation, highlighting the importance of identifying causative agents like M. canis.
• Dermatologists must consider diverse transmission routes and pathogen profiles specific to tropical regions like Hainan.