Recent advances in self-immobilizing fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging

In situ precise detection of bioactive molecules with high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution is essential for studying physiological events and disease diagnosis. The utilization of versatile fluorescent probes in fluorescence imaging offers a powerful tool for in vivo imaging of biomarkers closely associated with pathological conditions. However, the dynamic behavior leading to rapid clearance of small molecule probes from regions of interest severely compromises their potential for precise imaging. Notably, self-immobilizing fluorescent probes that selectively recognize diseased tissues while improving in situ retention and enrichment enable accurate high-fidelity fluorescence imaging. In this review, we aim to summarize the strategies employed for recent advances in the performance and precision of in vivo fluorescence imaging using self-immobilizing techniques. Lastly, we discuss the prospects and potential challenges associated with self-immobilizing fluorescent probes to promote further development and application of more delicate fluorescent probes.