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Clinical characteristics of children with septic arthritis caused by different pathogenic bacteria

Ziyu Li1, Gefang Li2, Jun Wu1

  • 1Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China.

Pediatric Discovery
|July 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Septic arthritis in children is often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus pneumoniae is more common in infants, while Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes affect school-aged children, with S. pyogenes being the most pathogenic.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Septic arthritis is a critical pediatric infection.
  • Understanding causative pathogens and their characteristics is vital for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the demographics, laboratory findings, symptoms, joint involvement, and bacterial distribution in pediatric septic arthritis.
  • To identify key pathogens and their associations with patient characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 171 pediatric septic arthritis cases (2012-2022).
  • Evaluation of patient demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory values (WBC, PCT), and bacterial cultures.
  • Comparison of clinical and laboratory data based on identified pathogens.

Main Results:

  • A 45.0% culture-positive rate was observed, identifying 15 types of pathogenic bacteria.
  • Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (67.5%), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (9.1%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.5%).
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae infections were more prevalent in infants, while S. aureus and S. pyogenes were more common in school-aged children. S. pyogenes exhibited higher pathogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • Staphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen in pediatric septic arthritis.
  • Age distribution varies, with Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants and S. aureus/S. pyogenes in older children.
  • Streptococcus pyogenes demonstrates greater virulence compared to S. aureus and S. pneumoniae.

Keywords:
childrenclinical manifestationspathogenesisretrospective analysisseptic arthritis

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