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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

451
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot

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A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...
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Phone-based screening versus home-based screening after tuberculosis in India (TB Aftermath): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

The Lancet. Global health·2026
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
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A Point-of-Care Prediction Tool for Recurrent Tuberculosis.

Samyra R Cox1, Aye Hnin Moe2, Akshay N Gupte3

  • 1International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A simple five-item prediction tool can identify tuberculosis (TB) survivors at high risk for recurrence after treatment. This model aids in targeting post-treatment active case finding for better outcomes.

Keywords:
case-findingpredictionrecurrencescreeningtuberculosis

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Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) recurrence affects an estimated 10% of survivors in India post-treatment.
  • Targeting high-risk individuals for active case finding is crucial for reducing TB incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a parsimonious model for predicting TB recurrence in survivors.
  • To identify key factors for predicting TB relapse after treatment completion.

Main Methods:

  • The TB Aftermath trial enrolled 1033 TB survivors in Maharashtra, India.
  • LASSO regression and logistic regression were used to develop and validate a prediction model.
  • Predictors included demographics, socioeconomic factors, and lung function (peak expiratory flow).

Main Results:

  • A five-item model including sex, income, BMI, peak expiratory flow, and TB history predicted recurrence.
  • The model demonstrated moderate discrimination (c-statistic: 0.69) and acceptable calibration.
  • Individuals with a predicted probability >3.7% represented 90% of observed TB recurrences.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, five-item tool measurable at treatment completion offers moderate predictive accuracy for TB recurrence.
  • This prediction tool can enhance the efficiency of post-treatment active case finding strategies.